In a recent excavation in Saqqara, a team of archaeologists has made an extraordinary discovery – the long-forgotten pyramid of Queen Neith. Prior to this discovery, the existence of this queen was completely unknown to the experts, making this find a groundbreaking revelation in the study of ancient Egyptian royalty. This discovery comes almost a century after the famous discovery of King Tut’s tomb in Giza, and it has the potential to challenge and reshape our current understanding of ancient Egyptian history.
“The coffins have individual faces, each one unique, distinguishing between men and women, and are decorated with scenes from the Book of the Dead,” Hawass said. “Each coffin also has the name of the deceased and often shows the Four Sons of Horus, who protected the organs of the deceased.” More importantly, however, the team of archaeologists found a pyramid they believe belonged to an ancient Egyptian queen — one who had, until now, been unknown to them. “We have since discovered that her name was Neith, and she had never before been known from the historical record,” Hawass said. “It is amazing to literally rewrite what we know of history, adding a new queen to our records.” Neith was the Egyptian goddess of war and the patroness of the city of Sais. According to the Egyptian Museum, the goddess remained an important figure in Egypt for an extremely long period of time — from the Predynastic Period to the arrival of the Romans.
Some legends say she was present during the creation of the world; others list her as the mother of Ra, the sun god, Egyptian king of deities, and father of creation. Some stories additionally credit her with being the mother to Sobek, the crocodile god, and worship her as the creator of birth. The goddess Neith also served several roles in the afterlife due to her associations with war, weaving, and wisdom.
While much of the life of the real Queen Neith still remains unknown, the discovery of her pyramid is likely to provide significant insight into her role. Hawass also believes that the newly-discovered burials are from the New Kingdom, unlike previous discoveries at Saqqara which dated back to the Old Kingdom or the Late Period.
“Burials from the New Kingdom were not known to be common in the area before, so this is entirely unique to the site,” Hawass said. As Artnet reports, the Saqqara dig has been underway since 2020 and has yielded a host of remarkable discoveries, including a series of 22 interconnected tunnels. Digs at the site have also unearthed objects related to the pharaoh Teti, the sarcophagus of King Ramses II’s treasurer, the mummy of a woman with a solid gold mask, pieces from the ancient game of Senet, and a soldier buried with a metal axe in his hand.
“Teti was worshipped as a god in the New Kingdom period, and so people wanted to be buried near him,” Hawass said. Many of these objects will be displayed at the Grand Egyptian Museum, set to open next year in Giza.
